DEVELOPMENT OF A ROBUST DIGITAL IMAGE WATERMARKING TECHNIQUE IN DISCRETE ORTHONORMAL STOCKWELL TRANSFORM DOMAIN BASED ON PHOTON POLARIZATION

DEVELOPMENT OF A ROBUST DIGITAL IMAGE WATERMARKING TECHNIQUE IN DISCRETE ORTHONORMAL STOCKWELL TRANSFORM DOMAIN BASED ON PHOTON POLARIZATION

Excerpt from the Study

This study focused on the development of novel digital image watermarking technique in DOST domain in conjunction with DWT and SVD based on the principle of photon polarization using optimal scaling factor. The developed algorithm is applied on colour images. The cover images used are standard colour Lena and Pepper images of same size (512 x 512 x 3). The watermark information adopted includes standard colour Mandril image of size (512 x 512 x 3) and Nepal Telecom logo of size (512 x 512 x 3). The algorithm was developed and implemented in MATLAB R2015b. It was experimentally observed that the use of private key obtained from QKD scheme with concatenated DOST, DWT and SVD using optimal scaling factor offers improvements in robustness against attacks. The improvement occurred when compared to the technique of embedding without private key generated from QKD scheme and optimal scaling factor. This arrangement gives additional adaptability in controlling the optimal balance between 165 watermark robustness and the perceptual superiority of the watermarked image. Although, the balance between the two deliverables is made possible because of the optimal scaling factor adopted using PSO scheme. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated to ascertain watermarked image quality and honest reconstruction of the extracted watermark using PSNR, NCC and SSIM as performance metrics. The PSNR with a good value of at least 35dB defines the imperceptibility indicating the degree of visual similarity between the cover image and watermarked image. A high value of NCC (one or almost one) defines the robustness of the algorithm after subjecting the watermarked image to different attacks and this depicts the level of similarity between the original watermark and extracted watermark. The SSIM also exhibited similar characteristics with the NCC as it showed the similarity between the original cover image and watermarked images. The results of the PSNR values when the encrypted watermark image was embedded in the cover image (watermarked image) and subjected to Gaussian, salt and pepper, speckle, rotated at 45 degree, rotated at 5 degree, rotated at 90 degree and crop attacks are 50.2752dB, 47.7293dB, 45.6404dB, 46.8626dB, 44.6045dB, 47.9442dB and 46.4067dB respectively, this proves that the perceptual quality has been improved. The NCC values are 1, 1, 1, 0.9997, 1, 1 and 1, and this signifies that the algorithm is highly resistance to attacks. The SSIM values are 1, 1, 1, 0.99998, 0.9996, 0.9999 and 0.9987 respectively. Therefore, the developed watermarking technique delivered an imperceptibility improvement when compared with the ITU-R standard value of 35dB for digital image watermarking technique by 30%, 27%, 23%, 25%, 22%, 27% and 25% respectively. The technique is also shown to be robust since NCC values obtained are 1s except 5 degree rotation which is 0.9997 when compared with the ITU-R standard of 1 for

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